By Dr. Ramaz Mitaishvili
Patient Preparation Factors
Therapeutic Drug Monitoring: different pharmacologic agents have patterns of administration, body distribution, metabolism, and elimination that affect the drug concentration as measured in the blood. Many drugs will have "peak" and "trough" levels that vary according to dosage levels and intervals. Check for timing instructions for drawing the appropriate samples.
Therapeutic Drug Monitoring: different pharmacologic agents have patterns of administration, body distribution, metabolism, and elimination that affect the drug concentration as measured in the blood. Many drugs will have "peak" and "trough" levels that vary according to dosage levels and intervals. Check for timing instructions for drawing the appropriate samples.
Effects of Exercise: Muscular activity has both transient and longer lasting effects. The creatine kinase (CK), aspartate aminotransferase (AST), lactate dehydrogenase (LDH), and platelet count may increase.
Stress: May cause transient elevation in white blood cells (WBC''s) and elevated adrenal hormone values (cortisol and catecholamines). Anxiety that results in hyperventilation may cause acid-base imbalances, and increased lactate.
Diurnal Rhythms: Diurnal rhythms are body fluid and analyses fluctuations during the day. For example, serum cortisol levels are highest in early morning but are decreased in the afternoon. Serum iron levels tend to drop during the day. You must check the timing of these variations for the desired collection point.
Posture: Postural changes (supine to sitting etc.) are known to vary lab results of some analyses. Certain larger molecules are not filterable into the tissue; therefore they are more concentrated in the blood. Enzymes, proteins, lipids, iron, and calcium are significantly increased with changes in position.
Other Factors: Age, gender, and pregnancy have an influence on laboratory testing. Normal reference ranges are often noted according to age.
Stress: May cause transient elevation in white blood cells (WBC''s) and elevated adrenal hormone values (cortisol and catecholamines). Anxiety that results in hyperventilation may cause acid-base imbalances, and increased lactate.
Diurnal Rhythms: Diurnal rhythms are body fluid and analyses fluctuations during the day. For example, serum cortisol levels are highest in early morning but are decreased in the afternoon. Serum iron levels tend to drop during the day. You must check the timing of these variations for the desired collection point.
Posture: Postural changes (supine to sitting etc.) are known to vary lab results of some analyses. Certain larger molecules are not filterable into the tissue; therefore they are more concentrated in the blood. Enzymes, proteins, lipids, iron, and calcium are significantly increased with changes in position.
Other Factors: Age, gender, and pregnancy have an influence on laboratory testing. Normal reference ranges are often noted according to age.
